Documentary Sources to Investigate Multidecadal Variability of Droughts
نویسندگان
چکیده
Droughts are probably the natural hazard with the highest socioeconomic impact. Simultaneously, they are a very complex phenomenon; they are triggered by a diversity of physical factors and occur at a variety of time scales. Consequently, the instrumental record currently available is too short and the characterization of its multidecadal variability requires the use of natural proxies (tree rings, sedimentary records) or documentary sources. In this paper we analyse three documentary sources with potential to analyse the long-term variability of droughts: chapter acts, logbooks and chronicles. The chapter acts recorded discussions and decisions made during the assemblies of the local authorities and provide continuous and direct evidence on drought impacts. They are especially useful to study droughts between the 15th and the 19th centuries in Europe and the 17th to 18th in the former colonies. Logbooks recorded the meteorological conditions and the incidents occurred during navigation. They provide indirect information through the circulation indices that can be very helpful to understand the mechanisms and teleconnections associated to droughts. Finally, the chronicles are historiographical documents describing political and social events. They are secondary sources and the references to climatic events are discontinuous, thus their analysis must be extremely careful, but they are especially useful to study specific drought events especially prior to 15th century when no other sources are available. Fuentes documentales para investigar la variabilidad multidecadal de las sequías RESUMEN. Las sequías son uno de los riesgos naturales que mayor impacto causan en la población y en la economía, por lo que estudiarlas es fundamental para poder implementar medidas de prevención y adaptación a las mismas. Sin embargo, son un fenómeno climático muy complejo que ocurre a distintas escalas temporales y se desencadena por una amplia variedad de factores físicos. El registro instrumental del que se dispone actualmente no es suficientemente largo Domínguez-Castro and García-Herrera 14 CIG 42 (1), 2016, p. 13-27 para estudiar en detalle las sequías, especialmente su variabilidad multidecadal por lo que se hace necesario recurrir a otras fuentes de información como los proxies naturales (anillos de los árboles, registros sedimentarios...) o las fuentes documentales. En este trabajo analizamos tres fuentes documentales con potencial en el estudio de la variabilidad multidecadal de las sequías: actas capitulares, diarios de navegación y crónicas. Las actas capitulares registran las discusiones y decisiones tomadas por los gobiernos locales en sus reuniones. Destacan debido a que proporcionan información continua y directa sobre los impactos de las sequías y son de especial relevancia entre los siglos XV y XIX en Europa y en los siglos XVII y XVIII en las colonias. Los diarios de navegación son los registros que elaboran los navegantes durante sus rutas, en los que registran las condiciones meteorológicas de las mismas y los incidentes ocurridos. Presentan información indirecta de índices de circulación especialmente interesantes para entender los mecanismos y teleconexiones asociados a las sequías. Por último, las crónicas son documentos historiográficos que se realizan con el objetivo de describir eventos políticos y sociales. Sin embargo, se trata de fuentes documentales secundarias, donde las referencias a eventos climáticos son discontinuas. Por ello, deben ser tratadas con cautela. Las crónicas no son de gran utilidad para estudiar la variabilidad de las sequías, no obstante pueden ser muy útiles para estudiar eventos de sequía concretos, ya que en muchos casos son las únicas fuentes documentales que proporcionan información sobre sequías anteriores al siglo XV.
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